浙江工商大学研究生论文格式
浙江工商大学研究生学位论文格式规定“摘要”二字、摘要内容、关键词。1．论文题目为三号黑体字，可以分为1或2行居中打印。
2．论文题目下空一行居中打印，“摘要”二字（三号黑体），字间空一格。
3．“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容（四号宋体），每段开头空两格，标点符号占一格。
4．摘要内容下空一行打印关键词（四号宋体），关键词数量一般为3-8个，关键词之间用分号分开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。 （三）英文摘要题目全部采用大写字母，可分成1-3行居中打印。每行左右两边至少留五个字符空格。
1．题目下空三行居中打印“ABSTRACT”，再下空两行打印英文摘要内容。
2．摘要内容每段开头留四个字符空格。
3．摘要内容后下空两行打印“KEYWORDS”，其后关键词小写，关键词之间用分号分开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。 （四）“目录”二字（三号黑体）下空两行为章、节、条及其开始页码。 （五）正文层次示例如下 章节层次标题结构一般有两种类型：1．社会科学类：示 例 字 体 章 第一章 3号黑体、居中 节 第一节 小3号黑体、居中 层次标题：“一、”“ 一 ” “1．”“ 1 ”一级标题：“一、”4号黑体、居中排版或居左（空两汉字）二级标题：“ 一 ” 小4号黑体加粗、居左（空两汉字）三级标题：“1．”小4号黑体加粗、居左（空两汉字）四级标题：“ 1 ” 小4号黑体加粗、居左（空两汉字）2．自然科学（或社会科学）类：章节、层次标题采用：“1 ” “1.1 ” “1.1.1 ” “1.1.1.1 ”“ 1 ” “1 ”，所有标题顶格左对齐 章节可以居中 。
示 例 字 体1 ×××××，或采用“第1章 ”，3号黑体1.1 ×××××，小3号黑体1.1.1 ×××××，4号黑体1.1.1.1 ×××××，小4号黑体加粗 1 ×××××，小4号黑体加粗1 ×××××，小4号黑体加粗（六）正文采用小四号宋体打印，英文正文用小四号Times New Roman。（七）图：图题若采用中英文对照时，其英文字体为五号Times New Roman，中文字体为五号宋体，引用图应在图题右上角标出文献来源，自制图应在图题下标出资料来源。
图号按章顺序号，如图3-2为第三章第二图，如果图中含有几个不同部分，应标注分图号，并在图题下列出各部分内容。 （八）表格：表格按章顺序编号，如表5-4为第五章第四表，表应有标题，表内必须按规定的符号标注单位，在表格下列出资料来源。
（九）学位论文有关使用文字、数字的书写法：1．论文应用汉语简化字书写。2．年份一概写全数。例：1998年不能写成98年。3．凡公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻和各种记数与计量（包括正负数、分数、小数、百分比、约数），均采用阿拉伯数字。4．公式均需标注公式号，公式号用圆括号和阿拉伯数字表示，按章编排。例：第二章第三公式编为：X+Y Z （2-3）5．论文中的物理量、量纲及符号均采用国际标准（SI）和国家标准（GB）。（十）参考文献（以下两种方式选其一）1．按论文中参考文献出现的先后顺序用阿拉伯数字连续编号，将序号置于方括号内，引用文献应在文章中的引用处右上角加注。文后参考文献的排列顺序与文中的编号相同。
2．在文中不编号，直接在相应处列出作者和年份，格式如下： 正文（包括引言）： ……当收入分配差距过大，收入集中于消费倾向较低的高收入者手中时，全社会消费倾向就会下降（杨天宇，2001）。…… 文后参考文献的排列顺序先中文后外文；中文按作者姓氏的拼音首字母为序，外文按作者的首字母为序。 参考文献的格式如下： 国家标准：GBT 7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则 参考文献：[1] 毛蕴诗. 跨国公司战略竞争与国际直接投资[M].广州: 中山大学出版社, 2001:25-38.[2] 昂温 G，昂温P S. 外国出版史[M]. 陈生铮，译. 北京：中国书籍出版社，1988：105-131.[3] 汪昂. 增补 本草备要仁M].石印本上海:同文书局，1912.[4] CRAWFPRD W, GORMAN M. Future libraries: dreams, madness, & reality[M]. Chicago:American Library Association, 1995.[5] International Federation of Library Association and Institutions. Names of persons: national usages for entry in catalogues[M]. 3rd ed. London: IFLA International Office for UBC, 1977.[1] 李炳穆，理想的图书馆员和信息专家的素质与形象[J].图书情报工作，2000 2 :5-8.[2] 李晓东，张庆红，叶瑾琳. 气候学研究的若干理论问题[J]. 北京大学学报：自然科学版，1999，35 1 ：101-106. [3] 陶仁骥.密码学与数学[J].自然杂志，1984,7 7 :527.[4] DES MARAIS D J,STRAUSS H, SUMMONS R E, et al. Carbon isotope evidence for the stepwise oxidation of the Proterozoic environment[J]. Nature, 1992,359:605-609.[5] HEWITT J A. Technical services in 1983[J]. Library Resource Services, 1984,28 3 :205-218.[1] 丁文祥.数字革命与竞争国际化[N].中国青年报，2000-11-12 15 .4．论文集、会议录、专著中析出的文献：[1] 中国力学学会.第3届全国实验流体力学学术会议论文集[C].天津:[出版者不详],1990.[2] 钟文发. 非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[C]//赵玮. 运筹学的理论与应用：中国运筹学第五届大会论文集. 西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996：468-471.[3] ROSENTHALL E M. Proceedings of the Fifth Canadian Mathematical Congress, University of Montreal, 1961[C]. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963.[4] 韩吉人.论职工教育的特点[G]//中国职工教育研究会，职工教育研究论文集.北京:人民教育出版社，1985:90-99.[5] 王斌.信息技术与信息服务[M]//许厚泽, 赵其国. 信息技术与应用. 北京:中国社会科学出版社，1998:121-140.[6] MARTIN G. Control of electronic resources in Australia[M]// PATTLE L W, COX B J.Electronic resources: selection and bibliographic control. New York: The Haworth Press,1996:85-96.5．科技报告[1] U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Guidelines for bandling excavated acid-producing materials, PB 91-194001[R]. Springfield: U. S. Department of Commerce National Information Service, 1990.[2] World Health Organization. Factors regulating the immune response:report of WHO Scientific Group[R]. Geneva:WHO, 1970.6．学位论文[1] 张志祥.间断动力系统的随机扰动及其在守恒律方程中的应用[D].北京:北京大学数学学院，1998:55-59.[2] CALMS R B. Infrared spectroscopic studies on solid oxygen[D]. Berkeley; Univ. of California. 1965.7．专利文献[l] 刘加林.多功能一次性压舌板:中国，座机电话号码.2[P]. 1993-04-14.[2] 河北绿洲生态环境科技有限公司.一种荒漠化地区生态植被综合培育种植方法:中国，1129210.5[P/OL].2001-10-24[2002-05-28].https://211.152.9.47/sipoasp/zlijs/hyjs-yx-new.asp? recid 01129210. 5&leixin.8．电子文献 包括专著或连续出版物中析出的电子文献 [1]赵耀东.新时代的工业工程师[M/OL].台北:天下文化出版社,1998[1998-09-26].https:www.ie.nthu.edu.tw/info/ie.newie.htm Big5 .[2] 江向东.互联网环境下的信息处理与图书管理系统解决方案[J/OL].情报学报，1999,18 2 :4 [2000-01-18]. /news/座机电话号码/座机电话号码0019.htmi.[6] CHRISTINE M. Plant physiology: plant biology in the Genome Era[J/OL]. Science, 1998,281:331-332[1998-09-23]. https://www. sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/anatmorp. 三、打印及装订要求 （一）论文内容一律采用计算机打印，用A4纸：210×297mm，每一页的上方和左侧应分别留边25mm以上，下方和右侧应分别留边20mm以上。双面印刷。（二）论文用研究生部统一封面样张格式，按照前置部分、主体部分、附录部分的先后顺序装订成册。In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students " healthy growth, ensuring that national property is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the "prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses" principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township people"s Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers " moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students " psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local people"s Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fireIn order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students " healthy growth, ensuring that national property is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the "prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses" principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township people"s Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers " moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students " psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local people"s Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fireElectricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students " self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizations out of safety management system organization activities between teachers and students, to draw up a precise plan and security measures must be signed by the school officials to review the programme of activities agreed upon Correctional Center agreed to implement. Organization to the field relatively far or activities require approval by the Deputy Director of the Education Bureau in charge of security. 2, each activity should have a specific responsibility, pay attention to the persons age, physical match. Route 3, activities, location, field surveys should be carried out in advance. 4, activities for the means of transport should explain the situation to the school to comply with vehicle, safety requirements, before the line for repairs. 5, each activity must have security, emergency response plan for accidents. 6, picnics, hiking, picnic to pay attention to fire prevention, food poisoning, prevention of fall accidents 7, the activities near the rivers, reservoirs, no measures or do not meet the security requirements of the Organization and not let students into the waterElectricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students " self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizations out of safety management system organization activities between teachers and students, to draw up a precise plan and security measures must be signed by the school officials to review the programme of activities agreed upon Correctional Center agreed to implement. Organization to the field relatively far or activities require approval by the Deputy Director of the Education Bureau in charge of security. 2, each activity should have a specific responsibility, pay attention to the persons age, physical match. Route 3, activities, location, field surveys should be carried out in advance. 4, activities for the means of transport should explain the situation to the school to comply with vehicle, safety requirements, before the line for repairs. 5, each activity must have security, emergency response plan for accidents. 6, picnics, hiking, picnic to pay attention to fire prevention, food poisoning, prevention of fall accidents 7, the activities near the rivers, reservoirs, no measures or do not meet the security requirements of the Organization and not let students into the water3In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students " healthy growth, ensuring that national property is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the "prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses" principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township people"s Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers " moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students " psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local people"s Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fireElectricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students " self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizations out of safety management system organization activities between teachers and students, to draw up a precise plan and security measures must be signed by the school officials to review the programme of activities agreed upon Correctional Center agreed to implement. Organization to the field relatively far or activities require approval by the Deputy Director of the Education Bureau in charge of security. 2, each activity should have a specific responsibility, pay attention to the persons age, physical match. Route 3, activities, location, field surveys should be carried out in advance. 4, activities for the means of transport should explain the situation to the school to comply with vehicle, safety requirements, before the line for repairs. 5, each activity must have security, emergency response plan for accidents. 6, picnics, hiking, picnic to pay attention to fire prevention, food poisoning, prevention of fall accidents 7, the activities near the rivers, reservoirs, no measures or do not meet the security requirements of the Organization and not let students into the water 文档加载中...广告还剩秒
浙江工商大学研究生论文格式
1、请各培养学院3月20日前自行安排预答辩。将通过预答辩的名单报研究生院学位办。
2、3月26日前，各学院按学校研究生学位论文匿名送审格式要求，博士论文全部由研究生院送审，硕士论文按学生人数的30%由研究生院送审和70%由培养学院送审这个规定操作。博士研究生学位论文和自评报告交一式五份、硕士研究生学位论文交一式二份，论文中不得出现导师和作者姓名。
3、3月31日至4月30日学位办和培养学院组织完成学位论文匿名送审工作。
4、5月5日前，匿名送审结果反馈给学院及相关导师。通过学位论文匿名送审的研究生方可参加学位论文答辩。
三、2014届（夏季）研究生学位论文答辩工作安排
1、对通过学位论文匿名送审的研究生，所在学位点可按规定组织论文答辩，答辩时间安排须在2014年6月1日前完成。
2、各学位点在组织学位论文答辩之前，应预先将答辩日期、答辩委员会组成人员以及答辩申请表报研究生院学位办审核。
3、答辩委员会的组成以及答辩委员会决议的格式应符合学校有关规定。
4、各研究生答辩结束后应将3份正式论文， 1份《授予博士/硕士学位人员信息登记表》交各学院教学秘书，教学秘书收齐后于6月3日前统一交研究生院学位办。各学院留几份论文由各培养学院自己决定。论文电子版上传至校图书馆网站。
四、各学院学术（学位）委员会应对本次参加学位论文答辩的研究生的政治思想表现、论文答辩情况，发表论文情况等方面进行全面审查。经学术（学位）委员会审查通过的申请者材料和拟授位名单于2014年6月3日前报送研究生院学位办，逾期者的学位授予将安排在下一期进行。
五、拟于2014年6月上旬召开校学术（学位）委员会会议，确定本次博士、硕士学位授予名单。
研究生院
2014年2月19日
浙江工商大学研究生论文格式
浙江工商大学研究生学位论文格式规定为提高研究生学位论文的质量，实现学位论文在内容和格式上规范化与统一 化，特制定本规范。一、内容要求 研究生学位论文应立论正确，推理严谨，层次分明，数据可靠，文字简练，(转载自：www.dXf5.cOm 东星资源网:浙江工商大学研究生论文格式) 说明透彻。
前臵部分中英文摘要(博士论文还需另提交简略本) 记（包括致谢）附录部分 原创性声明 (一）前臵部分 1．封面：采用研究生部下发的统一格式样张，封面上填写中图分类号（中 国图书资料分类法类号）、论文题目、作者姓名、专业、研究方向、指导教师姓 名、以及密级（分公开、内部、秘密或机密）。
2．题目：应在20 字以内，能简明、具体、确切地表达论文特定内容。必要 时，可以使用副标题，中文、外文题目应一致。
3．中英文摘要：摘要应是学位论文的中心内容，简单明了，体现科研工作 的核心思想。内容应涉及本项科研工作的目的和意义、研究方法、研究内容和过 程、主要结论。注意突出论文中具有创造性成果和新见解部分。注明论文关键词 4．目录：目录作为论文的提纲，是论文各组成部分的小标题，应简明扼要，一目了然。
(二）主体部分 1．引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果 （文献综述），研究设想、研究方法、理论意义和实际价值，主要难点及解决办 法，创新性。
2．正文：是学位论文的核心部分，占主要篇幅，一般由标题、正文、图、 表格和公式五个部分构成，学生可以根据具体情况灵活掌握，但要实事求是，客 观真切，合乎逻辑，层次分明，语言简练。
3．结论和建议：结论是最终的、总体的结论，不是正文中各段小结的简单 重复。结论应该精练、完整、准确。着重阐述自己研究的创造性成果，新的见解、 发现和发展。以及在本研究领域中的地位和作用、价值和意义，还可以进一步提 出需要讨论的问题和意义。
4．参考文献：参考文献应按文中引用情况列全，附于文末。
(三)附录部分 1．附录是正文主体的补充部分。下列内容可以作为附录： 攻读学位期间发表的（含已录用，并有录用通知书的）与学位论文相关的 学术论文和科研成果清单； 为了整篇材料的完整，插入正文又有损于编排条理性和逻辑性的材料； 由于篇幅过大，或取材于复制件不便编入正文的材料； 对一般读者并非必须阅读，但对本专业同行有参考价值的资料； 论文中使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明书； 附件：计算机程序清单、磁盘、鉴定证书、获奖奖状或专利证书的复印件 2．后记：对某方面进行补充，或对给予各类资助、指导和协助完成研究工作，以及提供各种条件的单位及个人表示感谢。致谢应实事求是，切忌浮夸与庸 俗之词。
3．论文原创性声明内容： 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究 工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人 或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律和学术责任由本 人承担。
学位论文作者签名： 日期： 二、撰写规范(一)封面上的内容一律按照统一封面的样张式样打印，必须正确无误，论文 题目一般20 字以内，层次标题在15 字以内。
(二)学位论文中文摘要一般为正文字数的5%。其内容次序为论文题目、“摘 要”二字、摘要内容、关键词。
1．论文题目为三号黑体字，可以分为1 行居中打印。2．论文题目下空一行居中打印，“摘要”二字（三号黑体），字间空一格。
3．“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容（四号宋体），每段开头空两格， 标点符号占一格。
4．摘要内容下空一行打印关键词（四号宋体），关键词数量为3-8 一关键词之间用逗号分开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。（三）英文摘要题目全部采用大写字母，可分成1-3 行居中打印。每行左右 两边至少留五个字符空格。
1．题目下空三行居中打印“ABSTRACT”，再下空两行打印英文摘要内容。
2．摘要内容每段开头留四个字符空格。
3．摘要内容后下空两行打印“KEYWORDS”，其后关键词小写，每一关键词 之间用分号分开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
（四）“目录”二字（三号黑体）下空两行为章、节、条及其开始页码。
（五）正文层次示例如下 章节层次标题结构一般有两种类型： 1．社会科学类： 号黑体、居中层次标题： 一级标题：“一、”4 号黑体、居中或空两汉字 二级标题：“(一)” 号黑体加粗、空两汉字三级标题：“1．”小4 号黑体加粗、空两汉字 四级标题：“(1)” 号黑体加粗、空两汉字2．自然科学（或社会科学）类： 号黑体、顶格排版层次标题： 一级标题： 号黑体、顶格排版二级标题：“1.1 号黑体加粗、顶格排版三级标题：“1.1.1 号黑体加粗、顶格排版四级标题：“1.1.1.1 号黑体加粗、顶格排版（六）正文采用小四号宋体打印，英文正文用小四号Times New Roman。
（七）图：图题若采用中英文对照时，其英文字体为五号Times New Roman， 中文字体为五号宋体，引用图应在图题右上角标出文献来源，自制图应在图题下 标出资料来源。
图号按章顺序号，如图3-2 为第三章第二图，如果图中含有几个不同部分， 应标注分图号，并在图题下列出各部分内容。
（八）表格：表格按章顺序编号，如表5-4 为第五章第四表，表应有标题， 表内必须按规定的符号标注单位，在表格下列出资料来源。
（九）学位论文有关使用文字、数字的书写法： 1．论文应用汉语简化字书写。
2．年份一概写全数。例：1998 年不能写成98 3．凡公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻和各种记数与计量（包括正负数、分数、小数、百分比、约数），均采用阿拉伯数字。
4．公式均需标注公式号，公式号用圆括号和阿拉伯数字表示，按章编排。
（2-3）5．论文中的物理量、量纲及符号均采用国际标准（SI）和国家标准（GB）。
（十）参考文献（以下两种方式选其一） 1．按论文中参考文献出现的先后顺序用阿拉伯数字连续编号，将序号臵于 方括号内，引用文献应在文章中的引用处右上角加注。文后参考文献的排列顺序 与文中的编号相同。
2．在文中不编号，直接在相应处列出作者和年份，格式如下： 正文（包括引言）： ????当收入分配差距过大，收入集中于消费倾向较低的高收入者手中时，全社会 消费倾向就会下降（杨天宇，2001）。???? 文后参考文献的排列顺序先中文后外文；中文按作者姓氏的拼音首字母为序，外 文按作者的首字母为序。
参考文献的格式如下：(国家标准：GBT 7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则) 参考文献： 1．专著 跨国公司战略竞争与国际直接投资[M].广州:中山大学出版社, 2001:25-38. Futurelibraries: dreams, madness, reality[M].Chicago:American Library Association, 1995. InternationalFederation LibraryAssociation Institutions. Names persons:national usages catalogues[M].3rd ed. London: IFLA International Office UBC,1977. 2．期刊 气候学研究的若干理论问题[J].北京大学学报：自然科学版，1999，35(1)： 101-106. DESMARAIS etal. Carbon isotope evidence stepwiseoxidation Proterozoicenvironment[J]. Nature, 1992,359:605-609. Technicalservices 1983[J].Library Resource Services, 1984,28(3):205-218. 3．报纸 丁文祥.数字革命与竞争国际化[N].中国青年报，2000-11-12(15).4．论文集、会议录、专著中析出的文献： 非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[C]//赵玮.运筹学的理论与应用：中国运筹学第五届大会 论文集. 西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996：468-471. FifthCanadian Mathematical Congress, University Montreal,1961[C]. Toronto: University TorontoPress, 1963. 韩吉人.论职工教育的特点[G]//中国职工教育研究会，职工教育研究论文集.北京:人民教育出版社， 1985:90-99. 信息技术与应用.北京:中国社会科学出版社， 1998:121-140. electronicresources Australia[M]//PATTLE J.Electronicresources: selection bibliographiccontrol. New York: HaworthPress,1996:85-96. 5．科技报告 TransportationFederal Highway Administration. Guidelines bandlingexcavated acid-producing materials, PB 91-194001[R]. Springfield: CommerceNational Information Service, 1990. WorldHealth Organization. Factors regulating immuneresponse:report WHOScientific Group[R]. Geneva:WHO, 1970. 6．学位论文 Infraredspectroscopic studies solidoxygen[D]. Berkeley; Univ. California.1965. 7．专利文献 刘加林.多功能一次性压舌板:中国，92214985.2[P].1993-04-14. 河北绿洲生态环境科技有限公司.一种荒漠化地区生态植被综合培育种植方法:中国，01129210.5[P/OL].2001-10-24[2002-05-28]. https://211.152.9.47/sipoasp/zlijs/hyjs-yx-new.asp? recid=01129210. 5&leixin. 8．电子文献(包括专著或连续出版物中析出的电子文献) 江向东.互联网环境下的信息处理与图书管理系统解决方案[J/OL].情报学报，1999,18(2):4[2000-01-18]. /news/20011219/200112190019.htmi. Plantphysiology: plant biology GenomeEra[J/OL]. Science, 1998,281:331-332[1998-09-23]. https://www. sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/anatmorp. 三、打印及装订要求 （一）论文内容一律采用计算机打印，用A4 纸：210297mm，每一页的上 方和左侧应分别留边25mm 以上，下方和右侧应分别留边20mm 以上。双面印刷。
（二）论文用研究生部统一封面样张格式，按照前臵部分、主体部分、附录 部分的先后顺序装订成册。
下面是余秋雨经典励志语录，欢迎阅读。
不需要的朋友可以编辑删除！！ 关于年龄 1.一个横贯终生的品德基本上都是在青年时代形成的，可惜在那个至关重要的时代，青年人受到的正面的鼓动永远是为成功而搏斗，而一般所谓的成功总是带有排他性、自私性的 印记。结果，脸颊上还没有皱纹的他们，却在品德上挖下了一个个看不见的黑洞。
2.我不赞成太多地歌颂青年，而坚持认为那是一个充满陷阱的年代。陷阱一生都会遇到， 但青年时代的陷阱最多、最大、最险。
3.历史上也有一些深刻的哲人，以歌颂青年来弘扬社会的生命力。但这里显然横亘着一 种二律背反：越是坚固的对象越需要鼓动青年去对付，但他们恰恰因为年轻，无法与真正的 坚持相斡旋。
4.青年时代的正常状态是什么，我想一切还是从真诚的谦虚开始。青年人应该懂得，在 我们出生之前，这个世界已经精精彩彩、复复杂杂地存在过无数年，我们什么也不懂，能够 站正脚下的一角建设一点什么，已是万幸。
5.中年是对青年的延伸，又是对青年的告别。这种告别不仅仅是一系列观念的变异，而 是一个终于自立的成熟者对于能够随心所欲处置各种问题的自信。
6.中年人的当家体验是最后一次精神断奶。你突然感觉到终于摆脱了父母、兄长、老师 的某种依赖，而这种依赖在青年时代总是依稀犹在的;对于领导和组织，似乎更贴近了，却 又显示出自己的独立存在，你成了社会结构网络中不可缺少的一个点;因此你在热闹中品尝 了有生以来真正的孤立无援，空前的脆弱和空前的强大集于一身。
7.中年人一旦有了当家体验，就会明白教科书式的人生教条十分可笑。当家管着这么一 个大摊子，每个角落每时每刻都在涌现着新问题，除了敏锐而又细致地体察实际情况，实事 求是地解开每一个症结，简直没有高谈阔论、把玩概念的余地。这时人生变得很空灵，除了 隐隐然几条人生大原则，再也记不得更多的条令。
8.中年人的坚守，已从观点上升到人格，而人格难以言表，他们变得似乎已经没有顶在 脑门上的观点。他们知道，只要坚守着自身的人格原则，很多看似对立的观点都可相容相依， 一一点化成合理的存在。于是，在中年人眼前，大批的对峙消解了，早年的对手找不到了， 昨天的敌人也没有太多仇恨了，更多的是把老老少少各色人等照顾在自己身边。请不要小看 这“照顾”二字，中年人的魅力至少有一半与此相关。
9.中年人最可怕的是失去方寸。这比青年人和老年人的失态有更大的危害。中年人失去 方寸的主要特征是忘记自己的年龄。一会儿要别人像对待青年那样关爱自己，一会儿又要别 人像对待老人那样尊敬自己，他永远活在中年之外的两端，偏偏不肯在自己的年龄里落脚。
10、某个时期，某个社会，即使所有的青年人和老年人都中魔一般荒唐了，只要中年人不荒唐，事情就坏不到哪里去。最怕的是中年人的荒唐，而中年人最大的荒唐，就是忘记了 自己是中年。
11、中年太实际、太繁忙，在整体上算不得诗，想来难理解;青年时代常常被诗化，但 青年时代的诗太多激情而缺少意境，按我的标准，缺少意境就算不得好诗。
12、一般情况下，老年岁月总是比较悠闲，总是能够没有功利而重新面对自然，总是漫 步在回忆的原野，而这一切，都是诗和文学的特质所在。老年人可能不会写诗或已经不再写 诗，但他们却以诗的方式生存着。看街市忙碌，看后辈来去，看庭花凋零，看春草又绿，而 13、老人的年龄也有积极的缓释功能，为中青年的社会减轻负担。不负责任的中青年用不正当的宠溺败坏了老人的年龄，但老人中毕竟还有 冷静的智者，默默固守着年岁给予的淡然的尊严。
14、只有到了老年，沉重的人生使命已经卸除，生活的甘苦也已了然，万丈红尘已移到 远处，宁静下来了的周际环境和逐渐放慢了的生命节奏构成了一种总结性、归纳性的轻微和 声，诗的意境出现了。
15、中青年的世界再强悍，也经常需要一些苍老的手来救助。平时不容易见到，一旦有 事则及时伸出，救助过后又立即消失，神龙见首不见尾。这是一种早已退出社会主体的隐性 文化和柔性文化，隐柔中沉积着岁月的硬度，能使后人一时启悟，如与天人对晤。老年的魅 力，理应在这样的高位上偶尔显露。不要驱使，不要强求，不要哄抬，只让它们成为人生的 写意笔墨，似淡似浓，似有似无。
关于人生 1.我们对这个世界，知道得还实在太少。无数的未知包围着我们，才使人生保留迸发的 乐趣。当哪一天，世界上的一切都能明确解释了，这个世界也就变得十分无聊。人生，就会 成为一种简单的轨迹，一种沉闷的重复。
2.人有多种活法，活着的文明等级也不相同，住在五层楼上的人完全不必去批评三层楼 的低下，何况你是否在五层楼还缺少科学论证。
3.人生的道路也就是从出生地出发，越走越远。一出生便是自己，由此开始的人生就是 要让自己与种种异己的一切打交道。打交道的结果可能丧失自己，也可能在一个更高的层面 上把自己找回。
4.不管你今后如何重要，总会有一天从热闹中逃亡，孤舟单骑，只想与高山流水对晤。
走得远了，也许会遇到一个人，像樵夫，像路人，出现在你与高山流水之间，短短几句话， 10 使你大惊失色，引为终生莫逆。但是，天道容不下如此至善至美，你注定会失去他，同时也 就失去了你的大半生命。
5.人生的过程虽然会受到社会和时代的很大影响，但贯穿首尾的基本线索总离不开自己 的个体生命。个体生命的完整性、连贯性会构成一种巨大的力量，使人生的任何一个小点都 指点着整体价值。
6.如果有一天，我们突然发现，投身再大的事业也不如把自己的人生当做一个事业，聆 听再好的故事也不如把自己的人生当做一个故事，我们一定会动手动笔，做一点有意思的事 7.杰出之所以杰出，是因为罕见，我们把自己连接于罕见，岂不冒险?既然大家都很普通，那么就不要鄙视世俗岁月、庸常岁序。不孤注一掷，不赌咒发誓，不祈求奇迹，不想入 非非，只是平缓而负责地一天天走下去，走在记忆和向往的双向路途上，这样，平常中也就 出现了滋味，出现了境界。
8.就人生而言，应平衡于山、水之间。水边给人喜悦，山地给人安慰。水边让我们感知 世界无常，山地让我们领悟天地恒昌。水边让我们享受脱离长辈怀抱的远行刺激，山地让我 们体验回归祖先居所的悠悠厚味。
9.第一根白发人人都会遇到，谁也无法讳避，因此这个悲剧似小实大，简直是天网恢恢， 疏而不漏，而决斗、毒药和暗杀只是偶发性事件，这种偶发性事件能快速置人于死地，但第 一根白发却把生命的起点和终点连成了一条绵长的逻辑线，人生的任何一段都与它相连。
10、谁也不要躲避和掩盖一些最质朴、最自然的人生课题如年龄问题。再高的职位，再 多的财富，再大灾难，比之于韶华流逝、岁月沧桑、长幼对视、生死交错，都成了皮相。北 雁长鸣，年迈的帝王和年迈的乞丐一起都听到了;寒山扫墓，长辈的泪滴和晚辈的泪滴却有 不同的重量。
11、人格尊严的表现不仅仅是强硬。强硬只是人格的外层警卫。到了内层，人格的天地 是清风明月，柔枝涟漪，细步款款，浅笑连连。
12、黄山谷说过：“人胸中久不用古今浇灌，则尘俗生其间，照镜觉面目可憎，对人亦 语言无味。”这就是平庸的写照。如此好事，如果等到成年后再来匆匆弥补就有点可惜了， 最好在青年时就进入。早一天，就多一份人生的精彩;迟一天，就多一天平庸的困扰。
13、再高的职位，再多的财富，再大灾难，比之于韶华流逝、岁月沧桑、长幼对视、生 死交错，都成了皮相。北雁长鸣，年迈的帝王和年迈的乞丐一起都听到了;寒山扫墓，长辈 的泪滴和晚辈的泪滴却有不同的重量。
11 14、人生不要光做加法。在人际交往上，经常减肥、排毒，才会轻轻松松地走以后的路。
15、几乎每一个改革探索者都遇到过嫉妒的侵扰，更不要说其中的成功者了。人们很容 易对高出自己视线的一切存在投去不信任，在别人快速成功的背后寻找投机取巧的秘密。
关于文化 1.真正的文化精英是存在的，而且对国家社会非常重要。但是这些年来，由于伪精英的 架势实在是太让人恶心了，结果连真的精英的名声也败坏了。真精英总是着眼于责任，伪精 英总是忙着装扮;真精英总是努力地与民众沟通，伪精英总是努力地与民众划分，这就是最 根本的区别。
2.凡是文化程度不高的群落，总是会对自己不懂的文化话语心存敬畏，正是这种敬畏心 理被一些投机文人利用了。
3.在文化上，无效必然导致无聊，无聊又必然引来无耻。但是，即使到了这种“三无” 的低谷，也不必过于沮丧。因为只有低谷，才能构成对新高峰的向往。
4.当今天下百业，文化最大。当今天下百行，文化届最小。那么，岂能再让一个日渐干 涸的小池塘，担任江河湖海的形象代表? 5.古代绘画中无论是萧瑟的荒江、丛山中的苦旅，还是春光中的飞鸟、危崖上的雏鹰， 只要是传世佳品，都会包藏着深厚的人生意识。贝多芬的交响曲，都是人生交响曲。
6.善良，这是一个最单纯的词汇，又是一个最复杂的词汇。它浅显到人人都能领会，又 深奥到无人能够定义。它与人终生相伴，但人们却很少琢磨它、追问它。
7.社会理性使命已悄悄抽绎，秀丽山水间散落着才子、隐士，埋藏着身前的孤傲和身后 的空名。天大的才华和郁愤，最后都化作供后人游玩的景点。
8.阅读的最大理由是想摆脱平庸，早一天就多一份人生的精彩;迟一天就多一天平庸的 困扰。
9.为什么那么多中国民众突然对韩国的电视剧，对超女表现出那么单纯的投入，很重要 的原因是，韩国艺术家不知道中国评论家，而超女根本不在乎评论家的存在。
10、一切美丽都是和谐的，因此总是浑然天成，典雅含蓄。反之，一切丑陋都是狞厉的， 因此总是耀武扬威，嚣张霸道。如果没有审美公德的佑护，美永远战胜不了丑。
12 11、什么季节观什么景，什么时令赏什么花，这才完整和自然。如果故意地大颠大倒， 就会把两头的况味都损害了。“暖冬”和“寒春”都不是正常的天象。
12、文明的人类总是热衷于考古，就是想把压缩在泥土里的历史扒剔出来，舒展开来， 窥探自己先辈的种种真相。那么，考古也就是回乡，也就是探家。探视地面上的家乡往往会 有岁月的唏嘘、难言的失落，使无数游子欲往而退;探视地底下的家乡就没有那么多心理障 碍了，整个儿洋溢着历史的诗情、想像的愉悦。
13、我们的历史太长、权谋太深、兵法太多、黑箱太大、内幕太厚、口舌太贪、眼光太 杂、预计太险，因此，对一切都“构思过度”。
14、中华文化的三大优点：一、不喜远征。中国人不会举一国之力去攻打远方之国。二、 不喜极端。儒家讲究“中庸之道”，会努力寻找一个中间点，规避极端三、不喜无序。中国 一直处于集权统治的状态中，习惯所有的事务都在管理之中，中国失控的时候是很少见的。
关于爱情 很多女孩子觉得责任感不太重要，男人没有责任感反而给了女方一种权利。其实对男人 来说，还有什么比没有责任感可怕地呢?与没有责任感的男人谈恋爱，就像与朝雾和晚霞厮 磨，再美好也没有着落。
爱情非常珍贵，不仅值得用斗争来保卫，而且即使付出生命的代价也值得。
其实，未经艰苦寻找的草率结合，对她也是不尊重。她和你一样，都有寻求深刻爱情的 权利。
每一男女都处在自转之中，当一个男人最散发魅力的一面转向了一位女人，而这女人最 美好的一面也刚好朝向了这个男人，那么爱情就挡也挡不住了。当然不是每个人都如此幸运， 自转的方向和速度，相对于那个有可能出现或已经错过的异性，总要有偏差，所以老有人找 不到自己的爱情。
2、能够慢慢培养的不是爱情，而是习惯。能够随着时间得到的，不是感情而是感动。
所以爱是一瞬间的礼物，有就有，没有就没有。但反过来说，爱和婚姻实际并不是一回事情， 并不是所有的爱情都要结婚的，也不是所有婚姻都有爱情的。
6、爱情里，总有一个主角和一个配角，累的永远是主角，伤的永远是配角;有时，爱也 是种伤害：残忍的人，选择伤害别人，善良的人，选择伤害自己;人生就是一种承受，需要 学会支撑。支撑事业，支撑家庭，甚至支撑起整个社会，有支撑就一定会有承受，支撑起多 少重量，就要承受多大压力。
13 7、假如你想要一件东西，就放它走。它若能回来找你，就永远属于你;它若不回来，那 根本就不是你的。爱情也是如此。
8、为什么把择定终身的职责，交付给半懂不懂的年岁;为什么把成熟的眼光，延误地出 现在早已收获过的荒原? 9、说了那么多旳——“如若你不在，我等待你归来。”也比不过你一句——“我不会 等，我去找你!” 关于友情 1.常听人说，人世间最纯净的友情只存在于孩童时代。这是一句极其悲凉的话，居然有 那么多人赞成，人生之孤独和艰难，可想而知。我并不赞成这句话。孩童时代的友情只是愉 快的嘻戏，成年人靠着回忆追加给它的东西很不真实。友情的真正意义产生于成年之后，它 不可能在尚未获得意义之时便抵达最佳状态。
2.很多人都是在某次友情感受的突变中，猛然发现自己长大的。仿佛是哪一天的中午或 傍晚，一位要好同学遇到的困难使你感到了一种不可推卸的责任，你放慢脚步忧思起来，开 始懂得人生的重量。就在这一刻，你突然长大。
3.在人生的诸多荒诞中，首当其冲的便是友情的错位。友情的错位，来源于我们自身的 混乱。
4.置身于同一个职业难道是友情的基础?当然不是。如果偶尔有之，也不能本末倒置。
情感岂能依附于事功，友谊岂能从属于谋生，朋友岂能局限于同僚。
5.在家靠父母，出外靠朋友。这种说法既表明了朋友的重要，又表明了朋友的价值在于 被依靠。但是，没有可靠的实用价值能不能成为朋友?一切帮助过你的人是不是都能算作朋 6.患难见知己，烈火炼真金。这又对友情提出了一种要求，盼望它在危难之际及时出现。能够出现当然很好，但友情不是应急的储备，朋友更不应该被故意地考验。
7.真正的友情不依靠什么。不依靠事业、祸福和身份，不依靠经历、方位和处境，它在 本性上拒绝功利，拒绝归属，拒绝契约，它是独立人格之间的互相呼应和确认。它使人们独 而不孤，互相解读自己存在的意义。因此所谓朋友也只不过是互相使对方活得更加自在的那 148.真正的友情都应该具有“无所求” 的性质，一旦有所求，“求”也就成了目的，友 情却转化为一种外在的装点。我认为，世间的友情至少有一半是被有所求败坏的，即便所求 的内容乍一看并不是坏东西;让友情分担忧愁，让友情推进工作????，友情成了忙忙碌碌的 工具，那它自身又是什么呢?应该为友情卸除重担，也让朋友们轻松起来。朋友就是朋友， 除此之外，无所求。
9.无所求的朋友最难得，不妨闭眼一试，把有所求的朋友一一删去，最后还剩几个? 10.真正的友情因为不企求什么不依靠什么，总是既纯净又脆弱。世间的一切孤独者也 都遭遇过友情，只是不知鉴别和维护，一一破碎了。
11.“君子之交谈如水”，这种高明的说法包藏着一种机智的无奈，可惜后来一直被并 无机智、只剩无奈的人群所套用。怕一切许诺无法兑现，于是不作许诺;怕一切欢晤无法延 续，于是不作欢晤，只把微笑点头维系于影影绰绰之间。有人还曾经借用神秘的东方美学来 支持这种态度：只可意会，不可言传;不着一字，尽得风流;羚羊挂角，无迹可寻????这样一 来，友情也就成了一种水墨写意，若有若无。但是，事情到了这个地步，友情和相识还有什 么区别? 12.强者捆扎友情，雅者淡化友情，俗者粘贴友情，都是为了防范友情的破碎，但看来 看去，没有一个是好办法。原因可能在于，这些办法都过分依赖技术性手段，而技术性手段 一旦进入感情领域，总没有好结果。
13.万不能把防范友情的破碎当成一个目的。该破碎的让它破碎，毫不足惜;虽然没有破 碎却发现与自己生命的高贵内质有严重羝牾，也要做破碎化处理。罗丹说，什么是雕塑?那 就是在石料上去掉那些不要的东西。我们自身的雕塑，也要用力凿掉那些异己的、却以朋友 名义贴附着的杂质。不凿掉，就没有一个像模像样的自己。
14.该破碎的友情常被我们捆扎、粘合着，而不该破碎的友情却又常常被我们捏碎了。
两种情况都是悲剧，但不该破碎的友情是那么珍贵，它居然被我们亲手捏碎，这对人类良知 的打击几乎是致命的。
15.其实，世上哪有两片完全相同的树叶，即便这两片树叶贴得很紧?本有差异却没有差 异准备，都把差异当作了背叛，夸张其词地要求对方纠正。这是一种双方的委屈，友情的回 忆又使这种委屈增加了重量。负荷着这样的重量不可能再来纠正自己，双方都怒气冲天地走 上了不归路。凡是重友情、讲正气的人都会产生这种怒气，而只有小人才是不会愤怒的一群， 因此正人君子们一旦落入这种心理陷阱往往很难跳得出来。高贵的灵魂吞咽着说不出口的细 小原因在陷阱里挣扎。
15 16.友情好像是一台魔力无边的红外线探测仪，能把一切隐藏的角落照个明明白白。不 明不白也不要紧，理解就是一切，朋友总能理解，不理解还算朋友?但是，当误会无可避免 地终于产生时，原先的不明不白全都成了疑点，这对被疑的一方而言无异是冤案加身;申诉 无门，他的表现一定异常，异常的表现只能引起更大的怀疑，互相的友情立即变得难于收拾。
17.友情本是超越障碍的翅膀，但它自身也会背负障碍的沉重，因此，它在轻松人类的 时候也在轻松自己，净化人类的时候也在净化自己。其结果应该是两相完满：当人类在最深 刻地享受友情时，友情本身也获得最充分的实现。
18.现在，即便我们拥有不少友情，它也还是残缺的，原因在于我们自身还残缺。世界 理应给我们更多的爱，我们理应给世界更多的爱，这在青年时代是一种小心翼翼的企盼，到 了生命的秋季，仍然是一种小心翼翼的企盼。但是，秋季毕竟是秋季，生命已承受霜降，企 盼已洒上寒露，友情的渴望灿如枫叶，却也已开始飘落。