篇一：剑桥雅思 5 高频词汇及例句..
">Test 1.Passage 1. Johnson’s Dictionary
1. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.
standard adj.标准的 n.标准
→ 近：criteria n.
solution n.解决方法 solve vt. 解决
→ 近： resolution n. resolve vt.
2. Like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdray?s tended to concentrate on ?scholarly? words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its students to convey an impression of fine learning. various adj. 多种多样的variety n. 多样性
→ 近：diversity n.diverse adj. e.g. ：diverse species
scholarly adj.学术的
→ 近：academic adj. academy n. 学院
convey vt.传输，传达
→ 近：transmit vt.deliver vt. 传送
3. Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer.
be associated with 与…相联系
→ 近：be related/linked with/ to
define vt.下定义 definition n.
→ 近：explain vt.解释 definition n.
4. He did not expect to achieve complete originality.
achieve vt. 完成，成就 achievement n.
→ 近：accomplish vt. accomplishment n. ; complete vt. completion n.
originality n. 原创，原始， original adj 起初的 originate vi. 起源于 originate in → 近：initial adj initiate vi.
→ aboriginal adj. 原始的，本土的土著的
→ 近：native/ local/ indigenous adj.
5. Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning.
predecessor n.前任
→ 近：precedent n. 先例
→ 反：successor n. 继承者
shade n.联想，层次
→ 近：subtlety n. 细微，精细 subtle adj.； phrase n.
6. After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775.It was instantly recognized as a landmark throughout Europe.
publish vt. 出版，发行
→ 近：release vt ; issue vt.
be recognized as 被认为…recognize … as… 把…认为…
→ 近：describe/characterize/define…as…
7. “This noble book,” wrote the leading Italian lexicographer, “will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author in particular, and benefit to the republic of Letters throughout Europe.”
perpetual adj. 永久的
→ 近：permanent adj. 永恒的 → 反：temporary / odd adj. 临时的
benefit n. 益处，好处 benefit（vt.） from… 从…中获益 beneficial adj.有益的 → 近：profit n. 利益，利润 profitable adj. exploitative adj.
8. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ?setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significances of English words.? analogy n.相似，类比 analogous adj. 类比的，相似的
→ 近：similarity n 相似 similar adj. be similar to…
→ assimilate vt. 使…同化
→ 反：dissimilar adj.不相似的
significance n. 重大意思，重要性 significant adj.
→ 近：importance n.
9. It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell?s words, “conferred stability on the language of his country”.
achievement n. 成就
→ 近：accomplishment n. ; contribution n. 贡献
stability adj. 稳定，稳固 stable adj. 稳定的unstable adj. 不稳固的
→ 近：even adj. 平稳的 firm adj. 牢固的
10. The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲ to offer him a pension.
esteem n. 尊重 self-esteem
→ 近：respect n.&vt. respectable adj.体面的 ; respective adj.各自的
prevail vi.流行，盛行 prevalence n. 盛行
→ 近：popularize vt. 流行 popularity n.
Passage 2. Nature or nurture
1. Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ?leader? in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.
willingness n. 乐意，愿意 willing adj. 乐意的will n. 意志力
→ 近：volunteer n. 志愿者 voluntary adj. 志愿的
obey vt. 遵从，遵守 obedience n.
→ 近：abide by
perform vt.表演,扮演performance n.
2. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer ?teacher-subject? that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil?s ability to learn.
cause n. 事业 vt. 引起，造成
→ 近：create vt. 引起 ; pose vt. 引起 ; trigger vt. 触发 ； wreck vt. 引起 effect n. 作用，效果 affect vt. 影响
→ 近：impact n. 冲击，影响 ； influence n.&vt. 影响
3. The supposed ?pupil? was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to stimulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter.
stimulate vt. 刺激，激发 stimulus n. stimulation n.
→ 近：inspire vt. 鼓励，激发 ; activate vt. 促使，激发
emit vt. 发出，放射
→ 近：discharge vt. 发出，卸载 give out
denounce vt. 谴责，斥责，告发
→ 近：announce vt. 宣布 proclaim vt.宣告，公布，声明
assortment n.分类
→ 近：classification n. category n. form.
4. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.
ignore vt. 忽视 ignorant adj. 无知的
→ 近：regardless adj. 忽视的 regardless adj. 不顾
reaction n. 反应 react vi. 反应 react to
→ 近：response n. 反应 ； respond vi.
govern v. 控制，操纵
→ 近：control vt. 控制 ；take charge (of )
situation n. 环境
→ 近：circumstance n. ; condition n. （常用复）
5. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.
unfold vt.揭示
→ 近：discover vt. 发现，显露 uavel vt. 揭开
deliberately adv. 故意地 deliberate adj. 故意的
→ 近：purposely adv. 蓄意地 ； intentionally adv.
pose vt. 引起, 造成
→ 近：cause / create / trigger / result in / lead to / contribute to
6. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teachers- subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.
overwhelming adj. 压倒一切的，无法抗拒的 overwhelm vt. 压倒，浸没 → 近：irresistible adj. 无法抗拒的
consensus n. 一致意见
→ 近：agreement
refuse vt. 拒绝refusion n.
→ 近：reject vt. rejection n.
7. The psychiatrists felt that ?most subjects would not go beyond 150volts? and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.
anticipate vt. 期待，预料 anticipation n.
→ 近：expect vt. 期待 ； predict vt. 预测，预料
8. How cam we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledge people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ?teachers? actually do in the laboratory of real life?
account for 解释
→ 近：explain vt. 解释 ; explanation n. ; illustration n. 诠释
discrepancy vt. 差距, 不一致
→ 近： distinction n. 差别， 差距
predict vt. 预测，推测
→ 近： forecast vi ; foresee vt.
9. One?s first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram?s teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.
inclination n.倾向 incline vi. 倾向
→ 近：tendency n. ; proneness n.
instinct adj. 内在的
→ 近：build-in adj. ; hereditary adj. 遗传的
activate vt. 激发
→ 近：inspire vt. 激发，激励 ； motivate vt. 激励； evoke vt. 激发
10. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects? actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.
alternative n. 可能性中的选择
→ 近：choice n. ; selection n. ; option n.
result n. 结果
→ 近：consequence n. ; outcome n. ; output n. 结果，产量
11. Most subjects in the experiment see their behavior in a larger context that is benevolent and useful to society- the pursuit of scientific truth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there.
benevolent vt.行善的，助人为乐的
→ 近：beneficial adj. 有益处的 ； profitable adj. 有利益的
pursuit n. 追寻 pursue vt.
→ 近：search vt. 搜寻
legitimacy n. 合法 legitimate adj. 合法的
→ 近：legal adj. 合法的
→ 反：illegitimate / illegal adj. 违法的
evoke vt. 激发
→ 近：inspire vt. 激发，激励 ； motivate vt. 激励；activate vt. 激发
12. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self- sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent system of authority.
merge vt 合并.
→ 近：blend / mix / combine vt. 使…混合，结合
surrender vi.投降，屈服
→ 近：yield vi
sacrifice vt.牺牲 give in
→ 近：devote vt. 奉献; dedicate vt.献身 ; contribute vt.贡献 ; donate vt. 捐赠 malevolent adj. 恶意的
→ 近： spiteful adj. 行恶的； hateful adj. 可恨的
→ 反：benevolent adj. 仁慈的，行善的
13. The problem for biologist, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two popular explanations is more plausible.
sort out 分类（ phr v. ）
→ 近：classify vt. ; categorize vt. 使分类
explanation n. 解释
→ 近：account n. 诠释 ； illustration n. ; interpretation n. 翻译，解释
篇二：用100个句子记住7000雅思词汇
ss="txt">100套真题中提炼而出的100个经典句子，包涵了7000个雅思词汇。1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看见哈雷彗星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are
universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a
profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a
locality; the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in
water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great
jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract,
symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that
anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil,
enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
篇三：雅思7000单词句子100句
wellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物.
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的.
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了.
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品.
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大.
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达.
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感.
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的.
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处.
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红.
12. Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday's作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力.
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达.
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了.
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长.
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器.
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的.
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便.
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰.
20. Although pecan(转载自：www.dXf5.cOm 东星资源网:雅思词汇及例句)s are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们.
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊.
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好.
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率.
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态.